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Artificial Embryo Twinning:
- This type of cloning is the
lower tech version. This process copies the natural way of creating identical twins.
- Natural twins are created
just after fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. When the fertilized egg tries to divide it creates two cells
that continue dividing on their own. This creates two separate people in the mother. The two cells will be identical
because they came from the same fertilized egg.
- The lab way of cloning is
by taking an egg that has been fertilized by sperm and the Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) cloning method will both result
in the cell dividing.
- There is a difference between
the too methods. Embryo Twinning contains one set of chromosomes in both eggs.
- When the sperm and the egg
joined creating the fertilized egg, it ends up with two sets of chromosomes one from the father and one from the
mother.
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Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer:
- This
method is almost like the Embryo Twinning but it is different because the egg will only have a single set of chromosome in
them that have been removed and replaced by the nucleus from the somatic cell. In which already have two
complete sets of chromosomes.
- This
means that the embryos have both sets of chromosomes that came from the somatic cell.
- The
Words Somatic Cell, Nuclear, and Transfer break down:
- Somatic
Cell: Is any cell in the body other them the reproductive cells, sperm, and eggs which are germ cells. The other cells in
the body all have two complete sets of chromosomes and the germ cells only contain one set.
- Nuclear:
The nucleus is the control center of the cells, it is what contains all the information that the cell needs to form
an organism. The Information that it held in the nucleus comes from DNA. The DNA is what make every different in
their own ways.
Transfer: It is moving an object from one place to another. The process starts with taking the Somatic
cell from an adult female and transfer the nucleus from the cell to an egg cell that has the nucleus removed. Then after some
chemicals are added to the egg a new nucleus will be added and it will be injected into a surrogate mother and carried for
nine months until it is ready for birth.
< http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/whatiscloning/ >
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